us states datacenter infrastructure index
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us states datacenter infrastructure index
the united states hosts 604 documented datacenter projects across all 50 states, representing over $1.1 trillion in disclosed investment and 131.7 GW of power capacity. this infrastructure supports the global digital economy, with significant concentration in states offering favorable power availability, tax incentives, and proximity to network hubs.
national overview
| Total States Covered | 50 |
| Total Projects | 604 |
| Total Investment | $1,123.4B |
| Total Power Capacity | 131.7 GW |
| States with >$50B Investment | 7 |
| States with >1 GW Capacity | 31 |
top 20 states by investment
the datacenter investment landscape is dominated by states with major hyperscaler projects, particularly those related to AI/ML infrastructure and gigawatt-scale campuses.
| Rank | State | Investment | Projects | Power (GW) | Major Projects |
| 1 | New Mexico | $167.2B | 6 | 1.3 | Project Jupiter (Stargate) |
| 2 | Kansas | $128.8B | 9 | 1.8 | Project Kestrel, Red Wolf Campus |
| 3 | Pennsylvania | $125.0B | 12 | 16.9 | Blackstone-QTS, Google PJM, AWS AI |
| 4 | Georgia | $79.8B | 25 | 5.0 | Project Bunkhouse, Project Sail, T5 |
| 5 | Texas | $78.2B | 27 | 11.0 | Stargate Abilene, Vantage Frontier |
| 6 | Arizona | $63.4B | 22 | 8.7 | Vermaland La Osa, Tract Buckeye |
| 7 | Virginia | $56.6B | 40 | 10.2 | Prince William Gateway, EdgeCore Louisa |
| 8 | North Carolina | $49.3B | 15 | 0.8 | AWS Richmond County, Apple Maiden |
| 9 | Ohio | $33.2B | 10 | 4.2 | AWS Ohio Region, Cologix Johnstown |
| 10 | Mississippi | $32.1B | 10 | 1.3 | AWS Madison, Compass Meridian |
| 11 | Indiana | $29.6B | 12 | 2.5 | AWS New Carlisle, Meta Lebanon |
| 12 | Iowa | $22.4B | 12 | 1.5 | QTS Cedar Rapids, Google Council Bluffs |
| 13 | Oklahoma | $21.4B | 9 | 0.3 | Google Mayes County, Project Clydesdale |
| 14 | Oregon | $19.9B | 15 | 1.4 | AWS Boardman, Google The Dalles |
| 15 | Wisconsin | $19.1B | 10 | 5.8 | Vantage Port Washington, Microsoft Mount Pleasant |
| 16 | Alabama | $18.7B | 11 | 1.2 | Project Marvel Bessemer, Meta campuses |
| 17 | South Dakota | $16.0B | 6 | 1.0 | Applied Digital Toronto AI |
| 18 | Illinois | $14.6B | 28 | 4.7 | Compass Hoffman Estates, CloudHQ ORD |
| 19 | Utah | $13.2B | 12 | 9.7 | Tract Tripletail, Novva West Jordan |
| 20 | South Carolina | $12.4B | 9 | 0.1 | Google Berkeley County, Project Moc-1 |
top 20 states by power capacity
power capacity represents the infrastructure’s ability to support high-density computing, particularly for AI/ML workloads.
| Rank | State | Power (GW) | Investment | Projects | Key Advantages |
| 1 | Pennsylvania | 16.9 | $125.0B | 12 | nuclear power, cheap electricity, decommissioned sites |
| 2 | Texas | 11.0 | $78.2B | 27 | deregulated market, abundant power, low costs |
| 3 | Virginia | 10.2 | $56.6B | 40 | data center alley, fiber concentration, incentives |
| 4 | Utah | 9.7 | $13.2B | 12 | low power costs, cool climate, western hub |
| 5 | Arizona | 8.7 | $63.4B | 22 | abundant land, solar potential, tech corridor |
| 6 | West Virginia | 7.5 | $5.0B | 8 | coal infrastructure, low power costs, natural gas |
| 7 | Nevada | 5.8 | $9.4B | 20 | tax incentives, renewable energy, switch ecosystem |
| 8 | Wisconsin | 5.8 | $19.1B | 10 | great lakes cooling, renewable energy, low costs |
| 9 | Georgia | 5.0 | $79.8B | 25 | atlanta metro, fiber hub, southern power |
| 10 | Wyoming | 4.8 | $4.0B | 6 | no state tax, wind power, low population density |
| 11 | Illinois | 4.7 | $14.6B | 28 | chicago hub, fiber concentration, colocation |
| 12 | Ohio | 4.2 | $33.2B | 10 | aws region, central location, low costs |
| 13 | Kentucky | 3.2 | $7.2B | 8 | cheap power, central location, coal legacy |
| 14 | Louisiana | 3.0 | $12.5B | 10 | natural gas, industrial power, tax incentives |
| 15 | Maryland | 3.0 | $6.0B | 8 | dc metro proximity, government contracts |
| 16 | Indiana | 2.5 | $29.6B | 12 | central location, low costs, aws presence |
| 17 | North Dakota | 2.3 | $5.5B | 9 | wind power, cool climate, energy abundance |
| 18 | Montana | 1.8 | $1.8B | 8 | hydroelectric power, cool climate, low density |
| 19 | Kansas | 1.8 | $128.8B | 9 | wind power, central location, low costs |
| 20 | Iowa | 1.5 | $22.4B | 12 | wind power, cheap electricity, hyperscaler presence |
top 20 states by project count
project count indicates market maturity and diversification across different facility types (colocation, cloud, hyperscale).
| Rank | State | Projects | Investment | Power (GW) | Market Characteristics |
| 1 | Virginia | 40 | $56.6B | 10.2 | mature market, mixed operators, loudoun county core |
| 2 | Illinois | 28 | $14.6B | 4.7 | chicago metro dominance, diverse operators |
| 3 | Texas | 27 | $78.2B | 11.0 | dallas/austin/san antonio, hyperscale growth |
| 4 | California | 25 | $0 | 1.5 | silicon valley, bay area, mature colocation |
| 5 | Georgia | 25 | $79.8B | 5.0 | atlanta metro expansion, emerging hyperscale |
| 6 | Arizona | 22 | $63.4B | 8.7 | phoenix metro, rapid expansion, gigawatt projects |
| 7 | New Jersey | 22 | $1.3B | 0.6 | new york metro, finance sector, colocation focus |
| 8 | Nevada | 20 | $9.4B | 5.8 | reno expansion, switch leadership, tax benefits |
| 9 | Washington | 18 | $7.2B | 0.4 | seattle area, microsoft presence, hydropower |
| 10 | North Carolina | 15 | $49.3B | 0.8 | research triangle, apple presence, emerging market |
| 11 | Oregon | 15 | $19.9B | 1.4 | portland area, cheap hydropower, hyperscaler campuses |
| 12 | Minnesota | 14 | $6.5B | 0.3 | minneapolis hub, cool climate, hyperscaler interest |
| 13 | Michigan | 13 | $4.3B | 0.7 | detroit/grand rapids, automotive tech, mixed market |
| 14 | New York | 13 | $7.9B | 1.3 | nyc metro, upstate expansion, finance sector |
| 15 | Florida | 12 | $0.2B | 0.2 | miami/tampa/jacksonville, colocation focused |
| 16 | Indiana | 12 | $29.6B | 2.5 | indianapolis area, aws major investment |
| 17 | Iowa | 12 | $22.4B | 1.5 | council bluffs cluster, hyperscaler dominated |
| 18 | Massachusetts | 12 | $3.1B | 0.2 | boston metro, tech corridor, colocation mature |
| 19 | Pennsylvania | 12 | $125.0B | 16.9 | pittsburgh/philadelphia, nuclear power focus |
| 20 | Utah | 12 | $13.2B | 9.7 | salt lake area, silicon slopes, data haven |
complete state rankings
all 50 states with comprehensive metrics:
click to expand complete state rankings
| State | Projects | Investment | Power (MW) | Major Operators |
| New Mexico | 6 | $167.2B | 1,300 | Oracle, Meta, STACK |
| Kansas | 9 | $128.8B | 1,830 | Google, Meta, Edged |
| Pennsylvania | 12 | $125.0B | 16,893 | QTS, Google, AWS, CoreWeave |
| Georgia | 25 | $79.8B | 5,010 | Google, Microsoft, AWS, QTS |
| Texas | 27 | $78.2B | 10,978 | Oracle, Crusoe, Vantage, AWS |
| Arizona | 22 | $63.4B | 8,709 | Vermaland, Tract, AWS, CyrusOne |
| Virginia | 40 | $56.6B | 10,244 | AWS, QTS, EdgeCore, CloudHQ |
| North Carolina | 15 | $49.3B | 796 | AWS, Apple, Google, Microsoft |
| Ohio | 10 | $33.2B | 4,214 | AWS, Cologix, Google, Meta |
| Mississippi | 10 | $32.1B | 1,283 | AWS, Compass, AVAIO, Google |
| Indiana | 12 | $29.6B | 2,450 | AWS, Meta, Google, CoreWeave |
| Iowa | 12 | $22.4B | 1,513 | QTS, Google, Meta, Microsoft |
| Oklahoma | 9 | $21.4B | 310 | Google, CoreWeave, Core Scientific |
| Oregon | 15 | $19.9B | 1,358 | AWS, Google, Meta, QTS |
| Wisconsin | 10 | $19.1B | 5,800 | Vantage, Microsoft, AWS, QTS |
| Alabama | 11 | $18.7B | 1,245 | Meta, Google, DC BLOX |
| South Dakota | 6 | $16.0B | 980 | Applied Digital |
| Illinois | 28 | $14.6B | 4,726 | Compass, CloudHQ, Digital Realty |
| Utah | 12 | $13.2B | 9,678 | Tract, Novva, Meta, Google |
| South Carolina | 9 | $12.4B | 70 | Google, QTS, DC BLOX |
| Louisiana | 10 | $12.5B | 3,025 | Meta, Hut 8, EdgeConneX |
| Delaware | 6 | $10.0B | 1,216 | Starwood Digital, DaSTOR |
| Nevada | 20 | $9.4B | 5,834 | Switch, Vantage, EdgeCore |
| Arkansas | 7 | $9.0B | 1,000 | Google, Garrison Data |
| New York | 13 | $7.9B | 1,322 | Stream, Digital Realty, Equinix |
| Washington | 18 | $7.2B | 358 | Microsoft, Sabey, Vantage |
| Kentucky | 8 | $7.2B | 3,214 | PowerHouse, Data Canopy |
| Minnesota | 14 | $6.5B | 332 | Tract, CloudHQ, Google, Meta |
| Maryland | 8 | $6.0B | 2,994 | Aligned, Rowan Digital |
| North Dakota | 9 | $5.5B | 2,276 | Applied Digital, Atlas Power |
| Maine | 6 | $5.3B | 60 | CENTRA Digital, FirstLight |
| West Virginia | 8 | $5.0B | 7,456 | Fidelis New Energy, QTS |
| Michigan | 13 | $4.3B | 693 | Hyperscale Data, Switch, 365 |
| Tennessee | 10 | $4.2B | 1,030 | Google, Meta, xAI, DC BLOX |
| Wyoming | 6 | $4.0B | 4,802 | Microsoft, Related Digital, Crusoe |
| Missouri | 8 | $3.8B | 1,263 | Meta, Google, H5 |
| Nebraska | 10 | $3.7B | 34 | Meta, Google, H5 |
| Massachusetts | 12 | $3.1B | 224 | Digital Realty, Iron Mountain |
| Colorado | 8 | $2.0B | 389 | QTS, CoreSite, T5 |
| Idaho | 7 | $2.0B | 242 | Meta, T5, Diode Ventures |
| Montana | 8 | $1.8B | 1,802 | TAC Data Centers, Atlas Power |
| New Jersey | 22 | $1.3B | 573 | CoreWeave, Digital Realty, Equinix |
| Connecticut | 9 | $0.6B | 331 | CyrusOne, TierPoint |
| Florida | 12 | $0.2B | 248 | Digital Realty, Equinix, QTS |
| Hawaii | 5 | $0.03B | 7 | AWS, Hawaiian Telcom |
| New Hampshire | 5 | $0.003B | 0.2 | FirstLight, Consolidated |
| Alaska | 5 | $0 | 122 | Far North Digital, TA Infrastructure |
| California | 25 | $0 | 1,493 | Equinix, Digital Realty, CoreSite |
| Rhode Island | 8 | $0 | 5 | Crown Castle, State Government |
| Vermont | 4 | $0 | 2 | FirstLight, Consolidated |
regional clusters and trends
data center alley (virginia/maryland)
virginia remains the undisputed leader in datacenter density, with loudoun county alone hosting more capacity than most states. the northern virginia corridor benefits from:
- extensive fiber optic infrastructure connecting to major internet exchange points
- proximity to federal government and defense contractors
- established power grid with dominion energy partnerships
- proven track record attracting continuous investment
maryland’s frederick and prince george’s counties are emerging as alternatives with similar advantages and lower land costs.
midwest renaissance (iowa/illinois/indiana/ohio)
the midwest has experienced dramatic growth driven by:
- abundant and cheap electricity from coal, nuclear, and wind sources
- central geographic location reducing network latency nationwide
- availability of large industrial sites for conversion
- aggressive state-level tax incentives and exemptions
iowa’s wind power resources and illinois’ hoffman estates mega-campus exemplify this trend.
southwest expansion (arizona/new mexico/texas)
the southwest represents the fastest-growing datacenter region with multiple gigawatt-scale projects:
- abundant land for massive campuses
- solar and wind renewable energy potential
- pro-business regulatory environment
- direct connectivity to west coast fiber routes
vermaland’s 3 GW la osa park and the stargate initiative demonstrate the scale of southwestern ambitions.
nuclear power renaissance (pennsylvania/ohio/georgia)
the AI revolution’s power demands are driving renewed interest in nuclear power partnerships:
- decommissioned coal and nuclear sites offering existing transmission infrastructure
- constellation energy partnerships in pennsylvania
- proposals for small modular reactors (SMRs) at datacenter sites
- state support for nuclear renaissance as clean baseload power
pennsylvania leads with 16.9 GW of planned capacity, much of it nuclear-adjacent.
northern tier efficiency (montana/north dakota/wyoming)
cold climate states offer natural cooling advantages and energy abundance:
- minimal cooling costs due to arctic air availability
- hydroelectric and wind power resources
- low population density reducing land costs and transmission constraints
- political support for energy-intensive industry
emerging markets
several states are positioning themselves as datacenter destinations:
- kentucky/west virginia: leveraging coal legacy infrastructure and cheap power
- mississippi/alabama: attracting hyperscaler investment with aggressive incentives
- louisiana: capitalizing on natural gas abundance and gulf coast connectivity
- south dakota: no state corporate income tax and wind resources
key success factors by state
tier 1 leaders (>$50B investment)
states in this tier offer comprehensive advantages:
- established power infrastructure with expansion capacity
- proven regulatory frameworks and permitting processes
- existing datacenter ecosystem (contractors, operators, suppliers)
- network infrastructure and internet exchange points
- state-level incentive programs and tax structures
tier 2 contenders (50B)
these states are rapidly scaling with targeted advantages:
- specific power advantages (renewable, nuclear, natural gas)
- strategic geographic positioning
- emerging network connectivity
- aggressive recruitment and incentive programs
tier 3 specialists (less than $10B)
smaller markets serving specialized niches:
- edge computing and regional colocation
- government and defense contracts
- industry-specific requirements
- disaster recovery and backup sites
investment drivers
power availability and cost
states with abundant, cheap electricity dominate the rankings:
- renewable energy: iowa (wind), washington (hydro), arizona (solar)
- nuclear potential: pennsylvania, ohio, georgia
- natural gas: texas, louisiana, oklahoma
- coal legacy: west virginia, kentucky, wyoming
tax incentives
nearly every state offers datacenter-specific incentives:
- sales tax exemptions: on equipment, electricity, construction materials
- property tax abatements: multi-year exemptions or reductions
- corporate income tax: credits and exemptions
- job creation credits: tied to employment commitments
regulatory environment
permitting speed and utility cooperation prove critical:
- states with expedited permitting processes attract faster deployment
- utility partnerships for transmission upgrades essential
- water usage regulations increasingly important for cooling
- environmental review streamlining in pro-business states
network infrastructure
fiber connectivity remains fundamental:
- proximity to internet exchange points (ashburn, chicago, dallas)
- submarine cable landing stations (virginia, new jersey, california)
- transcontinental fiber routes (chicago, dallas)
- government and financial institution connectivity
future outlook
2025-2030 projections
the next five years will see:
- continued concentration in top states but with accelerating tier 2 growth
- nuclear partnerships becoming standard for gigawatt-scale projects
- water scarcity driving location decisions in southwestern states
- liquid cooling adoption enabling higher density in established markets
- edge computing expanding geographic distribution
emerging constraints
several factors will limit growth in established markets:
- power grid capacity: transmission constraints in virginia, california
- water availability: cooling water access in arizona, new mexico
- land availability: loudoun county approaching buildout limits
- community opposition: nimby concerns in suburban locations
- environmental regulations: increasing scrutiny of power sources
opportunity zones
states positioned for outsized growth:
- pennsylvania: nuclear partnerships and abundant capacity
- ohio: central location and aws regional presence
- kansas/missouri: central corridor with power and land
- mississippi/alabama: southern expansion from established georgia
- montana/wyoming: northern tier with cold climate advantages
related pages
- us datacenter infrastructure overview
- state rankings methodology
- emerging datacenter hubs
- gigawatt-scale projects
- nuclear power partnerships
data current as of october 2025