google pjm data center infrastructure
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google pjm data center infrastructure
Announced at Carnegie Mellon University with President Trump. Investment covers 13 states in PJM grid but significant Pennsylvania focus on hydropower modernization. Addresses growing electricity demand from AI and data centers.
| Investment | $25.0B |
| Power Capacity | 670 MW |
| Location | Various locations in Pennsylvania, Various, Pennsylvania |
| Status | Planned |
project overview
Announced at Carnegie Mellon University with President Trump. Investment covers 13 states in PJM grid but significant Pennsylvania focus on hydropower modernization. Addresses growing electricity demand from AI and data centers.
location and scale
| Location | Various locations in Pennsylvania, Various, Pennsylvania |
| Region | Statewide |
| Status | Planned |
| Total Investment | $25.0B |
| Power Capacity | 670 MW |
| Total Area | 0 sq ft |
key stakeholders
| Sponsors | Google, Alphabet |
| Operators |
investment breakdown
The $25.0 billion investment is distributed across multiple components:
| Component | Amount | Percentage |
| IT Equipment (GPUs, servers, networking) | $16.2B | 65% |
| Building and Construction | $5.0B | 20% |
| Power Infrastructure | $2.5B | 10% |
| Other (cooling, security, land) | $1.2B | 5% |
equipment refresh cycles
IT equipment typically requires replacement every 3-5 years, meaning:
- Initial deployment: $16.2B
- 3-year refresh: Additional $13.0B estimated
- Total over 10 years: $40.6B in equipment
infrastructure requirements
power capacity
The facility requires 670 MW of power capacity:
| Total Power Capacity | 670 MW |
| Equivalent Homes Powered | 558,333 |
| Annual Energy Consumption | 5,869 GWh/year |
| Renewable Energy | Yes - committed to renewable sources |
sustainability and cooling
| Renewable Energy | Yes - renewable energy integration |
$3B to modernize Holtwood and Safe Harbor hydropower plants. Part of 3,000MW hydropower framework with Brookfield Asset Management - largest hydropower deal in world history.
construction timeline
| Announced | 2025-07-15 |
| Construction Start | |
| Expected Completion |
economic impact analysis
job creation
| Peak Construction Jobs | 50,000 |
| Permanent Operations Jobs | 134 |
| Average Salary (estimated) | 120,000 |
economic multiplier effects
The project’s total economic impact extends beyond direct investment:
| Direct Investment | $25.0B |
| Total Economic Impact (2.5x multiplier) | $62.5B |
| Estimated Annual Tax Revenue | $125M |
| 30-Year Tax Revenue | $3.8B |
regional benefits
The project brings significant benefits to Pennsylvania:
- Supply chain development: Local suppliers for construction materials, equipment, and services
- Infrastructure investment: Improved power grid, roads, and telecommunications
- Technology ecosystem: Attracts related tech companies and talent
- Educational partnerships: Training programs and university collaborations
- Real estate development: Increased commercial and residential development
technical specifications
workload types
| Workload Type | Description |
| CLOUD | Public cloud services and platforms |
| AI-ML | Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning training and inference |
ai/ml capabilities
This facility is specifically designed for AI/ML workloads with:
- High-density GPU computing: NVIDIA H100, H200, or GB200 GPUs
- Advanced cooling: Direct-to-chip liquid cooling for high power densities
- High-speed networking: 400G/800G Ethernet or InfiniBious InfiniBand
- Massive storage: Multi-exabyte storage capacity for training data
- Low-latency architecture: Optimized for distributed training workloads
rack density and power
| Rack Power Density | 30-100+ kW per rack (AI-optimized) |
| Cooling Technology | Direct liquid cooling (DLC) / Immersion cooling |
| PUE Target | 1.1 - 1.3 (industry leading) |
strategic importance
competitive positioning
This mega-project represents a strategic investment by Google, Alphabet to:
- AI Leadership: Establish dominance in AI infrastructure and capabilities
- Compute Capacity: Scale compute resources for next-generation AI models
- Competitive Response: Match or exceed competitor AI infrastructure investments
- Cloud Expansion: Grow public cloud market share and regional presence
- Customer Proximity: Reduce latency for regional enterprise customers
- Service Diversity: Enable new services requiring massive compute resources
national infrastructure significance
As a mega-project (>$10B investment), this facility:
- Represents a major commitment to US technology infrastructure
- Contributes to national AI competitiveness and security
- Demonstrates Pennsylvania’s emergence as a datacenter hub
- Sets new standards for scale and efficiency in datacenter design
regional integration
Pennsylvania datacenter ecosystem
This project integrates into Pennsylvania’s growing datacenter infrastructure:
- Power grid integration: Connection to regional transmission infrastructure
- Fiber connectivity: Access to major internet backbone routes
- Skilled workforce: Leverage regional technical talent and training programs
- Supply chain: Integration with local construction and equipment suppliers
community relations
Large-scale datacenter projects require strong community partnerships:
- Local hiring commitments: Priority hiring for construction and operations roles
- Educational partnerships: STEM programs and technical training initiatives
- Infrastructure improvements: Road, water, and utility infrastructure upgrades
- Tax revenue sharing: Property tax and incentive agreements with local governments
Various impact
The project specifically impacts Various through:
- Direct property tax revenue and economic development incentives
- Increased demand for housing, retail, and professional services
- Enhanced infrastructure that benefits broader community
- Recognition as a technology and innovation center
stakeholder analysis
project sponsors
Google | Alphabet
The sponsoring organizations bring complementary capabilities:
- Google: Search, cloud, and AI/ML platforms
- Alphabet: Search, cloud, and AI/ML platforms
operators and tenants
Primary Operators: Google
The operators manage day-to-day facility operations including power, cooling, security, and network management.
sources and references
- Google to invest $25 billion in data centers and AI infrastructure in PJM - CNBC (2025-07-15) - https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/15/google-to-invest-25-billion-in-data-centers-ai-infrastructure-in-pjm.html
- Ruth Porat’s remarks at Pennsylvania Energy & Innovation Summit - Google (2025-07-15) - https://blog.google/outreach-initiatives/public-policy/pennsylvania-energy-innovation-summit/
- Google signs $3bn hydropower deal for Pennsylvania data centres - Global Construction Review (2025-07-15) - https://www.globalconstructionreview.com/google-signs-3bn-hydropower-deal-for-pennsylvania-data-centres/
related pages
analysis current as of October 2025