agent definitions — computer science

published: October 27, 2025

overview

computer-science perspectives formalize agents as software entities with states, communication protocols, and execution semantics. the cluster includes agent-oriented programming (aop), bdi architectures, and software engineering roadmaps for multi-agent systems.

signature traits

  • mentalistic abstractions: shoham’s agent languages describe beliefs, commitments, and choices as first-class programming constructs.
  • interaction protocols: agents communicate via message-passing or performative acts, enabling coordination.
  • organizational modeling: AOSE research structures agent societies, roles, and workflows for complex software projects.

illustrative definitions

  • 1991 — yoav shoham, AGENT0: introduces a simple agent language where commitments drive autonomous action.
  • 1993 — shoham, “agent-oriented programming”: codifies agents with beliefs, obligations, and choices—precursors to BDI logic.
  • 2001 — jennings, sycara, wooldridge, AOSE roadmap: surveys agent-oriented software engineering, focusing on interaction and social abilities.

relation to other dimensions

  • autonomy spectrum: targets moderate-to-high autonomy—agents act without line-by-line instructions but within specified protocols.
  • entity frames: straddle hybrid and machine frames; agents are software but modeled with human-like mental states for design clarity.
  • goal dynamics: supports adaptation and negotiation via communication primitives, especially in multi-agent settings.
  • persistence & embodiment: typically persistent digital systems; embodiment arises only when agents interface with robots or sensors.

open questions

  • how can traditional aop concepts inform contemporary llm-based agent frameworks that rely on prompt engineering instead of explicit mental models?
  • which legacy communication standards (kqml, fipa) remain useful in modern orchestration stacks?
  • can we reconcile formal agent logics with stochastic behavior from foundation models?
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